feat: high-value safety, reputation decay, escrow 2-of-3 primitive

ESCROW.md

@@ -77,11 +77,26 @@ token in a public event is spendable by anyone who sees it.
   promptly, and lock windows should be generous.
 - **Native only**: the app's Cashu wallet is Capacitor-only, so escrow is too.
 
+## Optional 2-of-3 primitive
+
+`escrowP2PKOptions` now accepts an optional `arbiterPubkey` and can express the
+NUT-11 policy used by a future 2-of-3 escrow:
+
+- normal path: seller + arbiter, `n_sigs=2`;
+- refund path: buyer + arbiter, `n_sigs_refund=2`;
+- no arbiter: the current 1-of-1 seller/buyer policy.
+
+The primitive is unit-tested, but **no UI or default flow uses it yet**. There is
+no arbiter policy, bond, dispute process or appeal path, so exposing it would add
+friction and false confidence. Do not enable it for real money until those are
+defined and the flow is verified on-device.
+
 ## Status
 
 - ✅ **Core** (`src/lib/cashuEscrow.ts`, unit-tested): pubkey normalisation,
-  `escrowP2PKOptions`, offline token inspection/`parseEscrowToken`,
+  `escrowP2PKOptions` (1-of-1, optional 2-of-3), offline token
-  locktime/refund policy, and the injectable `createEscrowToken` mint flow.
+  inspection/`parseEscrowToken`, locktime/refund policy, and the injectable
+  `createEscrowToken` mint flow.
 - 🟡 **Wallet UI** (native-only): implement → verify with the **On-device test
   checklist** below before treating as production. Do not use real money until
   every box passes.

src/components/TradeReputationCard.tsx

@@ -48,9 +48,20 @@ export function TradeReputationCard({ pubkey, className }: { pubkey: string; cla
   // Activity factor: a fresh account with no published content contributes ~0,
   // so a ring of empty accounts can't move the score even if cross-confirmed.
   const activityFactor = (pk: string) => Math.min(1, (activity?.get(pk) ?? 0) / 3);
+  const now = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+  const decayFactor = (v: { lastAt: number; recentCount: number }) => {
+    // 180-day half-life, floored so a good historical record is still visible.
+    // This changes the ranking weight only; lifetime counts stay unchanged.
+    const ageDays = Math.max(0, (now - v.lastAt) / 86_400);
+    return Math.max(0.25, Math.exp(-ageDays / 180));
+  };
   const weighted = verifiedWith.reduce(
     (sum, v) =>
-      sum + Math.min(v.count, 3) * ((scores?.get(v.pubkey) ?? 0) / 100) * activityFactor(v.pubkey),
+      sum +
+      Math.min(v.count, 3) *
+        ((scores?.get(v.pubkey) ?? 0) / 100) *
+        activityFactor(v.pubkey) *
+        decayFactor(v),
     0,
   );
   const trustLabel =

src/hooks/useTradeAttestations.ts

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ export interface TradeReputation {
    */
   verifiedCounterparties: number;
   /** Per-counterparty count of mutually-confirmed trades (for WoT weighting). */
-  verifiedWith: { pubkey: string; count: number }[];
+  verifiedWith: { pubkey: string; count: number; recentCount: number; lastAt: number }[];
   /** Distinct counterparties involved. */
   counterparties: string[];
   /** Raw trade attestations this pubkey is involved in. */
@@ -255,6 +255,8 @@ export function useTradeReputation(pubkey: string | undefined) {
 
       const counterparties = new Set<string>();
       const verifiedWith = new Map<string, number>();
+      const verifiedRecentWith = new Map<string, number>();
+      const verifiedLastAt = new Map<string, number>();
       let sales = 0;
       let purchases = 0;
       let verified = 0;
@@ -275,10 +277,16 @@ export function useTradeReputation(pubkey: string | undefined) {
           else purchases++;
           if (isVerified) {
             verified++;
-            if (Math.max(...attestations.map((e) => e.created_at)) >= recentCutoff) recentVerified++;
+            const latestAt = Math.max(...attestations.map((e) => e.created_at));
+            const isRecent = latestAt >= recentCutoff;
+            if (isRecent) recentVerified++;
             // Attribute the verified trade to the other attestor(s).
             for (const a of attestors) {
-              if (a !== pubkey) verifiedWith.set(a, (verifiedWith.get(a) ?? 0) + 1);
+              if (a !== pubkey) {
+                verifiedWith.set(a, (verifiedWith.get(a) ?? 0) + 1);
+                if (isRecent) verifiedRecentWith.set(a, (verifiedRecentWith.get(a) ?? 0) + 1);
+                verifiedLastAt.set(a, Math.max(verifiedLastAt.get(a) ?? 0, latestAt));
+              }
             }
             // A `proof` tag is a payment CLAIM, not verification — count it on its
             // own tier so it is never confused with a confirmed trade.
@@ -338,7 +346,12 @@ export function useTradeReputation(pubkey: string | undefined) {
         withPaymentProof,
         paymentVerified,
         verifiedCounterparties: verifiedWith.size,
-        verifiedWith: [...verifiedWith.entries()].map(([pubkey, count]) => ({ pubkey, count })),
+        verifiedWith: [...verifiedWith.entries()].map(([pubkey, count]) => ({
+          pubkey,
+          count,
+          recentCount: verifiedRecentWith.get(pubkey) ?? 0,
+          lastAt: verifiedLastAt.get(pubkey) ?? 0,
+        })),
         counterparties: [...counterparties],
         attestations: unique,
       };

src/hooks/wallet/useCashuEscrow.ts

@@ -87,11 +87,13 @@ export function useCashuEscrow() {
     async ({
       amountSats,
       sellerPubkey,
+      arbiterPubkey,
       lockDays,
       mintUrl,
     }: {
       amountSats: number;
       sellerPubkey: string;
+      arbiterPubkey?: string;
       lockDays?: number;
       mintUrl?: string;
     }): Promise<{ token: string; locktime: number; info: EscrowTokenInfo }> => {
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ export function useCashuEscrow() {
 
       const { token, locktime } = await createEscrowToken(
         { wallet: makeMintWallet(mint), payInvoice },
-        { mintUrl: mint, amountSats, sellerPubkey, buyerPubkey, lockDays },
+        { mintUrl: mint, amountSats, sellerPubkey, buyerPubkey, arbiterPubkey, lockDays },
       );
 
       return { token, locktime, info: parseEscrowToken(token) };

src/i18n/en.ts

@@ -1975,7 +1975,7 @@ marketUi: {
       singlePartnerWarning: 'Every confirmation is with the same account. Mutual confirmation is self-reported, so treat this record with care.',
       lowDiversityWarning: 'Most confirmations come from very few accounts. A small group vouching for each other can look busy — treat this record with care.',
       ringWarning: 'These accounts mostly trade with each other — a closed cluster. Mutual confirmation inside a ring is weak evidence.',
-      weighted: 'Trust & activity weighted',
+      weighted: 'Trust, activity & recency weighted',
       footnote: 'Self-reported and mutually signed — a signal, not proof of payment.',
     },
     reputationPanel: {
@@ -7594,6 +7594,8 @@ walletUi: {
     privacyLink: 'What leaves your device',
     safetyTitle: 'Trade safely',
     safetyBody: 'Meet in public for handovers, use escrow or a good-faith deposit for shipped deals, and never send money outside the app.',
+    highValueTitle: 'High-value deal',
+    noArbitration: 'Escrow is time-locked, not arbitration: it protects the payment, not the delivery.',
     moderationTitle: 'Moderation is soft and reversible',
     moderationBody: 'Hidden content stays on relays and can be restored; disputes between people are yours to resolve.',
   },

src/i18n/es.ts

@@ -1975,7 +1975,7 @@ marketUi: {
       singlePartnerWarning: 'Todas las confirmaciones son con la misma cuenta. La confirmación mutua es autodeclarada, así que trata este registro con cuidado.',
       lowDiversityWarning: 'La mayoría de las confirmaciones vienen de muy pocas cuentas. Un grupo pequeño que se avala entre sí puede parecer muy activo: trata este registro con cuidado.',
       ringWarning: 'Estas cuentas comercian sobre todo entre ellas: un grupo cerrado. La confirmación mutua dentro de un círculo es una prueba débil.',
-      weighted: 'Ponderado por confianza y actividad',
+      weighted: 'Ponderado por confianza, actividad y recencia',
       footnote: 'Autodeclarado y firmado mutuamente: una señal, no una prueba de pago.',
     },
     reputationPanel: {
@@ -7594,6 +7594,8 @@ walletUi: {
     privacyLink: 'Qué sale de tu dispositivo',
     safetyTitle: 'Comercia con seguridad',
     safetyBody: 'Quedad en lugares públicos para las entregas, usa escrow o una señal de buena fe en envíos, y nunca envíes dinero fuera de la app.',
+    highValueTitle: 'Trato de alto valor',
+    noArbitration: 'El escrow tiene bloqueo temporal, no es arbitraje: protege el pago, no la entrega.',
     moderationTitle: 'La moderación es suave y reversible',
     moderationBody: 'El contenido oculto sigue en los relays y puede restaurarse; las disputas entre personas las resolvéis vosotros.',
   },

src/lib/cashuEscrow.test.ts

@@ -122,6 +122,25 @@ describe('escrowP2PKOptions', () => {
     expect(() => escrowP2PKOptions({ sellerPubkey: 'bad', buyerPubkey: BUYER })).toThrow();
     expect(() => escrowP2PKOptions({ sellerPubkey: SELLER, buyerPubkey: '' })).toThrow();
   });
+
+  it('builds an optional seller+arbiter / buyer+arbiter 2-of-3 policy', () => {
+    const arbiter = '02' + 'c'.repeat(64);
+    const opts = escrowP2PKOptions({
+      sellerPubkey: SELLER_XONLY,
+      buyerPubkey: BUYER,
+      arbiterPubkey: arbiter,
+    });
+    expect(opts.pubkey).toEqual([SELLER, arbiter]);
+    expect(opts.refundKeys).toEqual([BUYER, arbiter]);
+    expect(opts.requiredSignatures).toBe(2);
+    expect(opts.requiredRefundSignatures).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects an arbiter that is also the buyer or seller', () => {
+    expect(() =>
+      escrowP2PKOptions({ sellerPubkey: SELLER, buyerPubkey: BUYER, arbiterPubkey: SELLER }),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
 });
 
 describe('parseEscrowToken', () => {

src/lib/cashuEscrow.ts

@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ export function escrowLocktime(days: number, from: number = Date.now()): number
 }
 
 export interface EscrowP2PKOptions {
-  pubkey: string;
+  /** Single seller key, or seller + arbiter for an optional 2-of-3 policy. */
+  pubkey: string | string[];
   locktime: number;
   refundKeys: string[];
   requiredSignatures: number;
@@ -100,11 +101,14 @@ export interface EscrowP2PKOptions {
 export function escrowP2PKOptions({
   sellerPubkey,
   buyerPubkey,
+  arbiterPubkey,
   lockDays = ESCROW_DEFAULT_LOCK_DAYS,
   from = Date.now(),
 }: {
   sellerPubkey: string;
   buyerPubkey: string;
+  /** Optional third key for a 2-of-3 policy: seller+arbiter or buyer+arbiter. */
+  arbiterPubkey?: string;
   lockDays?: number;
   from?: number;
 }): EscrowP2PKOptions {
@@ -112,6 +116,22 @@ export function escrowP2PKOptions({
   if (!seller) throw new Error('Seller key is not a valid Cashu pubkey.');
   const buyer = normalizeCashuPubkey(buyerPubkey);
   if (!buyer) throw new Error('Your escrow key is not a valid Cashu pubkey.');
+  const arbiter = arbiterPubkey ? normalizeCashuPubkey(arbiterPubkey) : null;
+  if (arbiterPubkey && !arbiter) throw new Error('Arbiter key is not a valid Cashu pubkey.');
+  if (arbiter && (arbiter === seller || arbiter === buyer)) {
+    throw new Error('Arbiter must be a different key from the buyer and seller.');
+  }
+
+  if (arbiter) {
+    return {
+      // Normal path needs seller + arbiter; refund path needs buyer + arbiter.
+      pubkey: [seller, arbiter],
+      locktime: escrowLocktime(lockDays, from),
+      refundKeys: [buyer, arbiter],
+      requiredSignatures: 2,
+      requiredRefundSignatures: 2,
+    };
+  }
 
   return {
     pubkey: seller,
@@ -146,7 +166,11 @@ export function secretPolicy(secret: string): Partial<EscrowPolicy> | null {
   const values = (name: string): string[] =>
     tags.find((t) => t[0] === name)?.slice(1) ?? [];
 
-  const primary = typeof obj.data === 'string' ? [obj.data] : [];
+  const primary = Array.isArray(obj.data)
+    ? obj.data.filter((value): value is string => typeof value === 'string')
+    : typeof obj.data === 'string'
+      ? [obj.data]
+      : [];
   const pubkeys = [...primary, ...values('pubkeys')];
   const refund = values('refund');
   const locktime = Number(values('locktime')[0] ?? 0);
@@ -256,6 +280,7 @@ export async function createEscrowToken(
     amountSats: number;
     sellerPubkey: string;
     buyerPubkey: string;
+    arbiterPubkey?: string;
     lockDays?: number;
   },
 ): Promise<{ token: string; amount: number; locktime: number }> {
@@ -267,6 +292,7 @@ export async function createEscrowToken(
   const p2pk = escrowP2PKOptions({
     sellerPubkey: params.sellerPubkey,
     buyerPubkey: params.buyerPubkey,
+    arbiterPubkey: params.arbiterPubkey,
     lockDays: params.lockDays,
   });
 

src/pages/ListingDetailPage.tsx

@@ -131,6 +131,18 @@ export default function ListingDetailPage() {
     ? ((metadata as Record<string, unknown>).noffer as string)
     : undefined;
 
+  const priceCurrency = item.price?.currency?.toUpperCase();
+  const priceAmount = Number(item.price?.amount);
+  const isHighValue =
+    item.priceType === 'fixed' &&
+    Number.isFinite(priceAmount) &&
+    ((['SATS', 'SAT'].includes(priceCurrency ?? '') && priceAmount >= 100_000) ||
+      (['USD', 'EUR', 'GBP'].includes(priceCurrency ?? '') && priceAmount >= 100));
+  const isNewSeller =
+    (sellerInfo?.accountAge !== undefined && sellerInfo.accountAge < 30) ||
+    (!!sellerReputation && sellerReputation.verifiedCounterparties === 0);
+  const showSafetyNote = isNewSeller || isHighValue;
+
   const lightboxImages: LightboxImage[] = item.images.map((url) => ({ url, isOwner: isOwnListing }));
 
   const handleShare = async () => {
@@ -343,15 +355,20 @@ export default function ListingDetailPage() {
             ) : (
               <Card className="bg-black/90 border-white/10">
                 <CardContent className="p-4">
-                  {(sellerInfo?.accountAge !== undefined && sellerInfo.accountAge < 30) ||
+                  {showSafetyNote ? (
-                  (sellerReputation && sellerReputation.verifiedCounterparties === 0) ? (
                     <div className="mb-3 space-y-1.5 rounded-lg border border-amber-500/30 bg-amber-500/10 p-3">
                       <p className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-wide text-amber-300">
-                        <ShieldAlert className="h-3.5 w-3.5" /> {t('marketUi.card.newSeller')}
+                        <ShieldAlert className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />{' '}
+                        {isNewSeller
+                          ? t('marketUi.card.newSeller')
+                          : t('marketTerms.highValueTitle')}
                       </p>
                       <p className="text-xs leading-relaxed text-gray-400">
                         {t('marketTerms.safetyBody')}
                       </p>
+                      <p className="text-[11px] leading-relaxed text-amber-200/80">
+                        {t('marketTerms.noArbitration')}
+                      </p>
                     </div>
                   ) : null}
                   <ListingTradeActions item={item} />