feat(offline): cache map tiles on-device + photo mirror fallback

Map tiles: new lib/tileCache.ts (Dexie SkateSpotsTilesDB, bounded to ~3000
tiles) and lib/cachedTileLayer.ts, a Leaflet TileLayer that reads through it
(cached -> fetch+cache -> plain URL fallback). Wired into both maps (SpotMap,
RouteDialog). Chosen over a service worker so it works in the Capacitor
WebView too, where a SW never sees tile requests.

Photos: useUploadFile drops from three Blossom hosts to two and records
['fallback', '<mirror>/<sha256>']. BlossomUploader signs once and Promise.any
PUTs to every server in parallel, so the old three-host list was triple-
uploading every photo (the 'tries them in order' comment was wrong). Read
side: lib/imageFallback.ts derives same-hash mirrors and ImageWithFallback
retries them before showing the placeholder - one choke point for ~20 photo
call sites, so a dead host no longer blanks a spot.

AGENTS.md

@@ -536,8 +536,27 @@ session with **no other memory of this project**. So:
     reuses the existing **`useRelayStatus(url)`** (`lib/relayProbe`, a real
     Nostr handshake) plus `useOnlineStatus` — NOT `navigator.onLine` alone,
     which is true on a captive-portal Wi-Fi.
-  - Not done yet: offline **map tiles** (needs a service worker on web / an
-    IndexedDB tile layer for native) and the app shell offline — the next slice.
+  - **Offline map tiles (done 2026-09-28):** `lib/tileCache.ts` (Dexie
+    `SkateSpotsTilesDB`, bounded: ≤3000 tiles, ≤500 KB each, oldest-used pruned)
+    + `lib/cachedTileLayer.ts` (an `L.TileLayer` subclass that reads through it),
+    used by **both** maps (`SpotMap`, `RouteDialog`). Deliberately NOT a service
+    worker: a SW only helps the web build, while the Android app runs inside
+    Capacitor's WebView where a SW never sees tile requests. Works on both.
+    Still open: offline **app shell** (SW) — unnecessary for native, deferred for
+    web.
+- **Photo redundancy (2026-09-28):** `useUploadFile` now uses **two** Blossom
+  hosts (`blossom.primal.net`, `blossom.band`) instead of three. ⚠️
+  `BlossomUploader.upload` signs ONE auth event then does
+  `Promise.any(servers.map(fetch))` — it **PUTs to every server in parallel**, so
+  the old 3-host list was silently **triple-uploading every photo** (the code
+  comment claiming "tries them in order" was wrong). Two hosts = less client
+  data, still a single signature (no extra Amber prompt). The returned tags gain
+  `['fallback', '<mirror-host>/<sha256>']`, and **`lib/imageFallback.ts` +
+  `ImageWithFallback` retry the same hash on the other known Blossom host on
+  error** — one choke point covers every photo/logo call site (~20), so a dead
+  host costs a moment, not a blank spot. Blossom is content-addressed, so the
+  mirror URL is derived from the sha256 in the path (handles `/<sha>` and
+  `/<sha>.<ext>`).
 - **Mints directory**: `/mints` page lists Cashu mints from the community
   **MintRadar** project. MintRadar has **no CORS**, so it's fetched same-origin
   at `/api/mints/*` — prod proxies via `public/_redirects` (`/api/mints/* →

src/components/ImageWithFallback.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import { useState } from 'react';
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
+import { imageCandidates } from '@/lib/imageFallback';
 
 interface ImageWithFallbackProps extends React.ImgHTMLAttributes<HTMLImageElement> {
   /**
@@ -14,21 +15,35 @@ interface ImageWithFallbackProps extends React.ImgHTMLAttributes<HTMLImageElemen
 /**
  * Drop-in replacement for <img> that degrades gracefully when the source is
  * missing or 404s. Content images across the app (spots, events, marketplace
- * listings, crew logos, shop photos, tours, stash gear) come from
- * user-supplied URLs on arbitrary Blossom/host servers, which routinely go
- * away — without this they render a broken-image glyph. The fallback fills the
- * same layout box (className is applied to the wrapper) so nothing shifts.
+ * listings, crew logos, shop photos, tours, stash gear) come from user-supplied
+ * URLs on arbitrary Blossom/host servers, which routinely go away — without this
+ * they render a broken-image glyph. The fallback fills the same layout box
+ * (className is applied to the wrapper) so nothing shifts.
+ *
+ * Photo redundancy: before giving up, it retries the SAME file on the other known
+ * Blossom hosts (see lib/imageFallback — Blossom is content-addressed, so the
+ * mirror URL is derived from the sha256 in the path). A dead host therefore
+ * usually costs a moment, not a missing spot photo.
  */
 export function ImageWithFallback({
   src,
   alt = '',
   className,
   fallback,
+  onError,
   ...props
 }: ImageWithFallbackProps) {
+  const candidates = useMemo(() => imageCandidates(src), [src]);
+  const [index, setIndex] = useState(0);
   const [failed, setFailed] = useState(false);
 
-  if (!src || failed) {
+  // Reset when the src changes — list rows recycle these components.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setIndex(0);
+    setFailed(false);
+  }, [src]);
+
+  if (!src || failed || candidates.length === 0) {
     return (
       <div
         className={cn(
@@ -45,10 +60,17 @@ export function ImageWithFallback({
 
   return (
     <img
-      src={src}
+      src={candidates[Math.min(index, candidates.length - 1)]}
       alt={alt}
       className={className}
-      onError={() => setFailed(true)}
+      onError={(event) => {
+        if (index + 1 < candidates.length) {
+          setIndex(index + 1);
+          return;
+        }
+        setFailed(true);
+        onError?.(event);
+      }}
       {...props}
     />
   );

src/components/RouteDialog.tsx

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
 } from '@/lib/geolocation';
 import { getLastLocation } from '@/lib/lastLocation';
 import { saveRoute, loadRoute, formatAge } from '@/lib/routeCache';
+import { createCachedTileLayer } from '@/lib/cachedTileLayer';
 import { calculateDistance } from '@/lib/sortOptions';
 import {
   fetchRoute,
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ export function RouteDialog({
       minZoom: 2,
     });
 
-    L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {
+    createCachedTileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {
       attribution: '',
       subdomains: 'abc',
       maxZoom: 19,

src/components/SpotMap.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type { SpotWeatherData } from '@/hooks/useSpotWeather';
 import type { BtcMapPlace } from '@/hooks/useBtcMapPlaces';
 import { isRecentlyVerified, isBoosted } from '@/hooks/useBtcMapPlaces';
 import { sanitizeUrl } from '@/lib/sanitizeUrl';
+import { createCachedTileLayer } from '@/lib/cachedTileLayer';
 
 /**
  * SECURITY: Leaflet popups are built as raw DOM, outside React's auto-escaping.
@@ -896,7 +897,8 @@ export function SpotMap({
     // Free, no-API-key basemap: OpenStreetMap standard tiles, darkened via a CSS
     // filter (see the `.skatespots-dark-tiles` rule in index.css) so it matches
     // the app's dark theme without depending on a keyed provider like CARTO.
-    L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {
+    // Wrapped in an on-device tile cache so the basemap still draws at the park.
+    createCachedTileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {
       attribution: '',
       subdomains: 'abc',
       minZoom: 2,

src/hooks/useUploadFile.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,23 @@ import { BlossomUploader } from '@nostrify/nostrify/uploaders';
 
 import { useCurrentUser } from "./useCurrentUser";
 
+/**
+ * Two Blossom hosts. `BlossomUploader` signs ONE auth event and PUTs to every
+ * server in parallel, resolving with the first success — so the same bytes
+ * normally land on both from a single signature (no double Amber prompt). We then
+ * record a mirror URL on the returned tags so photo redundancy is explicit in the
+ * event; the read side also derives it from the sha256 (lib/imageFallback).
+ */
+const UPLOAD_SERVERS = ['https://blossom.primal.net/', 'https://blossom.band/'];
+
+function hostOf(url: string): string {
+  try {
+    return new URL(url).hostname;
+  } catch {
+    return '';
+  }
+}
+
 export function useUploadFile() {
   const { user } = useCurrentUser();
 
@@ -13,19 +30,23 @@ export function useUploadFile() {
       }
 
       const uploader = new BlossomUploader({
-        // Multiple servers so a single slow/down Blossom host doesn't hang the
-        // upload (crew logo uploads were stalling when primal.net was slow).
-        // The uploader tries them in order and falls back on failure.
-        servers: [
-          'https://blossom.primal.net/',
-          'https://blossom.band/',
-          'https://cdn.satellite.earth/',
-        ],
+        servers: UPLOAD_SERVERS,
         signer: user.signer,
       });
 
       const tags = await uploader.upload(file);
+
+      // Remember the mirror copy of the same blob. Blossom is content-addressed,
+      // so `<other-host>/<sha256>` is the same file.
+      const primaryUrl = tags[0]?.[1];
+      const sha = tags.find(([name]) => name === 'x')?.[1];
+      if (primaryUrl && sha) {
+        const primaryHost = hostOf(primaryUrl);
+        const mirror = UPLOAD_SERVERS.find((s) => hostOf(s) !== primaryHost);
+        if (mirror) tags.push(['fallback', `${mirror.replace(/\/+$/, '')}/${sha}`]);
+      }
+
       return tags;
     },
   });
-}
+}

src/lib/cachedTileLayer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import L from 'leaflet';
+
+import { getTile, putTile } from '@/lib/tileCache';
+
+/**
+ * A Leaflet tile layer that reads through an on-device IndexedDB cache.
+ *
+ * Behaviour per tile:
+ *   1. cached blob  → draw it immediately (works fully offline);
+ *   2. else fetch → cache the bytes → draw them;
+ *   3. offline and uncached → fall back to the plain tile URL, so Leaflet shows
+ *      its normal missing-tile state instead of hanging forever.
+ *
+ * Works on web and in the Capacitor WebView alike, unlike a service worker.
+ */
+export class CachedTileLayer extends L.TileLayer {
+  protected createTile(coords: L.Coords, done: L.DoneCallback): HTMLElement {
+    const tile = document.createElement('img');
+    tile.alt = '';
+    tile.setAttribute('role', 'presentation');
+
+    const key = `${coords.z}/${coords.x}/${coords.y}`;
+    const url = this.getTileUrl(coords);
+
+    const useSrc = (src: string, revoke: boolean) => {
+      tile.onload = () => {
+        if (revoke) URL.revokeObjectURL(src);
+        done(undefined, tile);
+      };
+      tile.onerror = (e) => done(e as unknown as Error, tile);
+      tile.src = src;
+    };
+
+    void (async () => {
+      const cached = await getTile(key);
+      if (cached) {
+        useSrc(URL.createObjectURL(cached), true);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      try {
+        const res = await fetch(url, { mode: 'cors' });
+        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+        const blob = await res.blob();
+        if (blob.size > 0) void putTile(key, blob);
+        useSrc(URL.createObjectURL(blob), true);
+      } catch {
+        // No cache and no network: let the browser try the URL directly.
+        useSrc(url, false);
+      }
+    })();
+
+    return tile;
+  }
+}
+
+export function createCachedTileLayer(
+  urlTemplate: string,
+  options?: L.TileLayerOptions,
+): CachedTileLayer {
+  return new CachedTileLayer(urlTemplate, options);
+}

src/lib/imageFallback.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ * Photo redundancy helpers.
+ *
+ * SkateSpots uploads images to Blossom, which is CONTENT-ADDRESSED: a blob's URL
+ * is `<host>/<sha256>` (optionally with a file extension). That means a mirror of
+ * the same file on another known host is derivable from the URL alone — no extra
+ * bookkeeping needed — so a dead photo host never has to leave a blank spot.
+ *
+ * We only derive mirrors for Blossom-style hash paths; anything else is left
+ * untouched (an external image URL has no meaningful alternative location).
+ */
+
+/** Hosts the app uploads to, and therefore the hosts we can mirror across. */
+export const BLOSSOM_MIRROR_HOSTS = ['blossom.primal.net', 'blossom.band'];
+
+/** `<64-hex>` or `<64-hex>.<ext>` */
+const HASH_RE = /^([0-9a-f]{64})(\.[a-z0-9]+)?$/i;
+
+/**
+ * Ordered candidate URLs for an image: the original first, then any explicitly
+ * supplied fallbacks, then same-hash mirrors on the other known Blossom hosts.
+ */
+export function imageCandidates(
+  src: string | undefined | null,
+  extra: string[] = [],
+): string[] {
+  const out: string[] = [];
+  const add = (url?: string | null) => {
+    if (typeof url === 'string' && url && !out.includes(url)) out.push(url);
+  };
+
+  add(src);
+  for (const url of extra) add(url);
+  if (!src) return out;
+
+  try {
+    const parsed = new URL(src);
+    const last = parsed.pathname.split('/').filter(Boolean).pop() ?? '';
+    const match = HASH_RE.exec(last);
+    if (match) {
+      for (const host of BLOSSOM_MIRROR_HOSTS) {
+        if (host === parsed.hostname) continue;
+        add(`${parsed.protocol}//${host}/${match[1]}${match[2] ?? ''}`);
+      }
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // Relative or malformed URL — nothing to mirror.
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}

src/lib/tileCache.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import Dexie, { type Table } from 'dexie';
+
+/**
+ * On-device cache of map tiles, so the basemap survives a dead network.
+ *
+ * Why not a service worker? A SW only helps the web build; the Android app runs
+ * the bundle inside Capacitor's WebView, where a SW never sees tile requests. An
+ * IndexedDB-backed Leaflet layer caches tiles identically on web and native, and
+ * keeps the failure contained to the map (no "stale app shell" class of bug).
+ *
+ * Growth is bounded: tiles are pruned oldest-used-first once the count exceeds
+ * MAX_TILES, and oversized responses are skipped.
+ */
+interface CachedTile {
+  /** `${z}/${x}/${y}` */
+  key: string;
+  blob: Blob;
+  cachedAt: number;
+  lastUsed: number;
+}
+
+/** Skip caching anything bigger than this (a 256px PNG is normally 5–30 KB). */
+export const MAX_TILE_BYTES = 500 * 1024;
+
+/** Roughly a large city's worth of tiles; pruning keeps us under this. */
+const MAX_TILES = 3000;
+
+class TileDB extends Dexie {
+  tiles!: Table<CachedTile, string>;
+
+  constructor() {
+    super('SkateSpotsTilesDB');
+    this.version(1).stores({ tiles: 'key, lastUsed, cachedAt' });
+  }
+}
+
+let db: TileDB | null = null;
+
+function getDB(): TileDB {
+  if (!db) db = new TileDB();
+  return db;
+}
+
+export async function getTile(key: string): Promise<Blob | null> {
+  try {
+    const row = await getDB().tiles.get(key);
+    if (!row) return null;
+    // Touch lastUsed so pruning keeps tiles you actually look at.
+    void getDB().tiles.update(key, { lastUsed: Date.now() });
+    return row.blob;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function putTile(key: string, blob: Blob): Promise<void> {
+  if (blob.size === 0 || blob.size > MAX_TILE_BYTES) return;
+  try {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    await getDB().tiles.put({ key, blob, cachedAt: now, lastUsed: now });
+    void prune();
+  } catch {
+    // Quota / private mode — caching is best-effort, never fatal.
+  }
+}
+
+let pruning = false;
+
+async function prune(): Promise<void> {
+  if (pruning) return;
+  pruning = true;
+  try {
+    const count = await getDB().tiles.count();
+    if (count <= MAX_TILES) return;
+    const oldest = await getDB()
+      .tiles.orderBy('lastUsed')
+      .limit(count - MAX_TILES)
+      .primaryKeys();
+    await getDB().tiles.bulkDelete(oldest);
+  } catch {
+    // ignore
+  } finally {
+    pruning = false;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getTileCacheStats(): Promise<{ tiles: number; bytes: number }> {
+  try {
+    let bytes = 0;
+    const tiles = await getDB().tiles.count();
+    await getDB().tiles.each((t) => {
+      bytes += t.blob?.size ?? 0;
+    });
+    return { tiles, bytes };
+  } catch {
+    return { tiles: 0, bytes: 0 };
+  }
+}
+
+export async function clearTiles(): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    await getDB().tiles.clear();
+  } catch {
+    // ignore
+  }
+}